His 1931 autobiography, Out of My Life and Thought, describing much of his work in Africa, was an international best-selling book. [74] Albert Schweitzer noted the contribution of Indian influence in his book Indian Thought and Its Development:[75]. One of his pupils was conductor and composer Hans Mnch. Astounding plans e'en now are brewing: An ethical human strives to escape from this contradiction so far as possible. In 1896, at the age of 21, he pledged himself that he would give the following nine '"[72] In nature one form of life must always prey upon another. For example, in 1950, biographer Magnus C. Ratter commented that Schweitzer never "commit[ted] himself to the anti-vivisection, vegetarian, or pacifist positions, though his thought leads in this direction". Success is not the key to happiness. In 1931, he published Mystik des Apostels Paulus (The Mysticism of Paul the Apostle);[36] a second edition was published in 1953. Now I had my way to the idea in which world [affirmation] and life-affirmation and ethics are contained [13][16], Schweitzer rapidly gained prominence as a musical scholar and organist, dedicated also to the rescue, restoration and study of historic pipe organs. Exposition and Criticism[52]). In 1900, with the completion of his licentiate in theology, he was ordained as curate, and that year he witnessed the Oberammergau Passion Play. Although several attempts have been made to restore and re-air the film, all access has been denied.[82]. ", Called upon to be specific about Reverence for Life, he explained that the concept "does not allow the scholar to live for science alone, even if he is very useful to the community in so doing.". OPP!". It seems that the number of deaths due to medical negligence is increasing every year. Albert Schweitzer, circa 1960 in Lambarn, Gabon, where he established a hospital. But no such meaning was found, and the rational, life-affirming optimism of the Age of Enlightenment began to evaporate. [63] Schweitzer eventually emended and complicated this notion with his later statement that "The time for speaking of older and younger brothers has passed". Schweitzer also wrote the book, The Animal World of Albert Schweitzer, a collection of Schweitzer's writings about the application of ethics to the animal kingdom. Babies, even in the leper enclave, dropped toys into the dust of the unpaved streets and then popped them into their mouths. Also like Goethe, on whose life and works he was expert, Schweitzer came near to being a comprehensive man. in 1913. . [16] From 1952 until his death he worked against nuclear tests and nuclear weapons with Albert Einstein, Otto Hahn and Bertrand Russell. "In reality, that which is eternal in the words of Jesus is due to the very fact that they are based on an eschatological world-view, and contain the expression of a mind Each of us has cause to think with deep gratitude of those who have lighted the flame within us. the neighboring village of Gunsbach amid the foothills of the Vosges. Death, Cause unspecified 4 September 1965 at 11:30 AM in Lambarn (Age 90) . And now, when you speak about missions, let this be your message: We must make atonement for all the terrible crimes we read of in the newspapers. That said, Dr. Schweitzer did devote more than half a century to practicing medicine in a remote location where few of his colleagues would dare to visit and for people who desperately needed medical care. Director of the Lambarene hospital has been handed over to Schweitzer's assistant, Dr. Walter Munz. In the years that followed, the hospital grew by leaps and bounds, not only in terms of bricks and mortar but also in its delivery of comprehensive and modern health care. It was to this picture-book Franco-German village and its vineyards that Schweitzer was invariably to return between periods Albert Schweitzer (1966). [43] He summarizes Pauline mysticism as "being in Christ" rather than "being in God". Hailed as an outstanding world figure, Schweitzer was. ", "The Jesus of Nazareth . He planned to spread the Gospel by the example of his Christian labour of healing, rather than through the verbal process of preaching, and believed that this service should be acceptable within any branch of Christian teaching. [41] Primitive mysticism "has not yet risen to a conception of the universal, and is still confined to naive views of earthly and super-earthly, temporal and eternal". Schweitzer considered his ethic of Reverence for Life, not his hospital, his most important legacy, saying that his Lambarn Hospital was just "my own improvisation on the theme of Reverence for Life. He was however also a theologian, organist, philosopher, and physician. Albert Schweitzer suffered a stroke on 28 August 1965 and died from it on 4 September 1965 in Lambarn., at the age of 90. [90], The Albert Schweitzer Fellowship was founded in 1940 by Schweitzer to unite US supporters in filling the gap in support for his Hospital when his European supply lines were cut off by war, and continues to support the Lambarn Hospital today. disease (leprosy), dysentery, elephantiasis, sleeping sickness, malaria, yellow fever and animal wounds. The compound even lacked electricity, except for the operating and dental rooms, and members of the staff read by kerosene lamp. By the 1950s, 3 unpaid physicians, 7 nurses and 13 volunteer aides staffed the Schweitzer Hospital. A jungle saint he may not have been; a jungle pioneer he surely was. Noisome animals wandered in and By extreme application and hard work, he completed his studies successfully at the end of 1911. were quite familiar with the businesslike and sometimes grumpy and brusque Schweitzer in a solar hat who hurried along the construction of a building by gingering up the native craftsmen with a sharp: "Allez-vous OPP! Instead, he seemed to many observers to be a simple, almost rustic man, who dressed in rumpled clothing, suffered fools gladly, stated fundamental verities patiently and paternally Hupp, upp. Hospital workers, lepers, cripples and other patients gathered in the jungle heat as the body of the noted physician, scholar, philosopher and musician was lowered into the ground. J. S. Bach: Prelude and Fugue in A major, BWV 536; Prelude and Fugue in F minor, BWV 534; Prelude and Fugue in B minor, BWV 544; Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 538. READ MORE: Celebrating the life of Alice Hamilton, founding mother of occupational medicine. He refused to attend a committee to inquire into his doctrine, but met each committee member personally and was at last accepted. for him in the ditches beside the wards. He not only played throughout Europe, but he also repaired church organs and kept Albert Schweitzer was a revered French-German humanitarian, writer, theologian, medical missionary, organist, physician, and philosopher. The Schweitzers had their own bungalow and employed as their assistant Joseph, a French-speaking Galoa[clarification needed] (Mpongwe), who first came to Lambarn as a patient.[57][58]. In January 1937, he returned again to Lambarn and continued working there throughout World War II. Schweitzer inspired actor Hugh O'Brian when O'Brian visited in Africa. Albert Schweitzer, the son of an Evangelical Lutheran minister, was born on . READ MORE: The story behind Alfred Nobels spirit of discovery. This was no sooner under way than Schweitzer fell ill, an epidemic of dysentery broke out and a famine set in. In 1912, now armed with a medical degree, Schweitzer made a definite proposal to go as a physician to work at his own expense in the Paris Missionary Society's mission at Lambarn on the Ogoou river, in what is now Gabon, in Africa (then a French colony). Lambarene was where Schweitzer chose to die. Will Peace Living. This decision, protested vigorously by his friends, was, like so many others in his life, the product of religious meditation. I can do no other than to have compassion for all that is called life. Reverence for Life Albert Schweitzer was born at Kaystersberg, Haute Alsace (now Haut-Rhin), Jan. 14, 1875, just two months after Germany had annexed the province from war-prostrate France. His autocracy was more noticeable as his years advanced and Visitors who equated cleanliness, tidiness and medicine were horrified by the station, for every patient was encouraged to bring one or two members of his family to cook That same year he resigned his curateship and his posts at the university and married Helene Bresslau, the daughter of a well-known Strasbourg historian. Albert Schweitzer. Published in 1910, it at once established Schweitzer as an eminent, if controversial, theologian whose explosive ideas Two 1992 episodes of the television series. Albert Schweitzer (1875-1965) was an Alsatian-German religious philosopher, musicologist, and medical missionary in Africa. He was 90 years old. Three years after the end of World War II, in 1948, he returned for the first time to Europe and kept travelling back and forth (and once to the US) as long as he was able. In recent years, many have taken him to task for decidedly paternalistic and racist descriptions of his African patients that would offend many a 21st century observer. His philosophy was expressed in many ways, but most famously in founding and sustaining the Hpital Albert Schweitzer in Lambarn, French Equatorial Africa (now Gabon). His name and legacy continue to live on around the world. [48] He explains, "only the man who is elected thereto can enter into relation with God". Then, working as medical assistant and assistant-pastor in Strasbourg, he advanced his project on the philosophy of civilization, which had occupied his mind since 1900. His life was portrayed in the 1952 movie Il est minuit, Docteur Schweitzer, starring Pierre Fresnay as Albert Schweitzer and Jeanne Moreau as his nurse Marie. Albert "Ian" Schweitzer, Hawaii man imprisoned for Dana Ireland's 1991 murder and rape, released after lawyer presents new evidence - CBS News Watch CBS News Crime Hawaii man in prison for. The Bach titles were mainly distributed as follows: Later recordings were made at Parish church, Gnsbach: These recordings were made by C. Robert Fine during the time Dr. Schweitzer was being filmed in Gnsbach for the documentary "Albert Schweitzer". On Good Friday, 1913, the couple set sail from Bordeaux for Africa, where Schweitzer established a hospital on the grounds of the Lambarene station of the Paris Missionary Society. The passage that appears to have directed his professional life describes Jesus exhorting his followers to Heal the Sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, cast out devils: freely ye have received, freely give. (Matthew, 10:8) In 1896, at the age 21, he decided to devote a period of time studying science and the arts and then to dedicate the rest of his life to helping the suffering. in 1913 with specialization qualifications in tropical medicine and surgery. He will end by destroying the earth. 106 likes. He envisaged instruments in which the French late-romantic full-organ sound should work integrally with the English and German romantic reed pipes, and with the classical Alsace Silbermann organ resources and baroque flue pipes, all in registers regulated (by stops) to access distinct voices in fugue or counterpoint capable of combination without loss of distinctness: different voices singing the same music together. The latter activity resulted in several volumes over the years that made his reputation as a major, albeit somewhat controversial, theologian. The maladies the Schweitzers treated were both horrific and deadly. O'Brian returned to the United States and founded the Hugh O'Brian Youth Leadership Foundation (HOBY). Yet, his legacy is not without controversy. His philosophy has made a difference and has led to the passage of laws and helping the cause of animal rights in the latter half of the twentieth century. One of Schweitzer's major arguments in The Mysticism of Paul the Apostle is that Paul's mysticism, marked by his phrase "being in Christ", gives the clue to the whole of Pauline theology. On an afternoon, Schweitzer could often be seen leaving his home to slip over There was a further period of work in 1935. He celebrated his 90th birthday there as hundreds of Africans, Europeans and Americans gathered to wish him well. [29] It became his custom to play during the lunch hour and on Sunday afternoons. Today, the hospital The signal from the figure-8 is mult-ed, panned hard left and right, one of the signals being flipped out of polarity. There was great demand for a German edition, but, instead of translating it, he decided to rewrite it. The following year, 1906, (and despite pleas from his family to pursue his religious studies) a 31-year-old Albert began medical school. They ranged from leprosy, dysentery, elephantiasis, sleeping sickness, malaria, yellow fever, to wounds incurred by encounters. It speaks so piously of human dignity and human rights and then disregards this dignity and these rights of countless millions and treads them underfoot, only because they live overseas or because their skins are of different colour or because they cannot help themselves. Schweitzer explains that Paul focused on the idea of fellowship with the divine being through the "realistic" dying and rising with Christ rather than the "symbolic" Hellenistic act of becoming like Christ through deification. In 1924, Schweitzer returned without his wife, with an Oxford undergraduate Noel Gillespie as his assistant. Among children 1-59 months of age, ALRI was present in 51% of the deaths, and enteric diseases in 30%. [84][bettersourceneeded], Schweitzer is often cited in vegetarian literature as being an advocate of vegetarianism in his later years. Such comments were, at the very least, a contradiction of his worldview of showing reverence for all human life in both deeds and words. of the world and life? Schweitzer's wife, Helene Schweitzer, served as an anaesthetist for surgical operations. over into experience.". Online Kentucky Death Indexes, Death Certificates and Vital Records Indexes. He insisted on seeing personally that the youngster got a prompt and touching reply from his own pen before work was permitted to resume. ", "At this stage," Schweitzer said in 1963, "Africans have little need for advanced training. Scholfield found a time of 11:06am (no source given) in "In aller Welt . 1. Today marks the 141st birthday of Dr. Albert Schweitzer (1875-1965). in Greek, chapters that contain Jesus' injunctions to His apostles, among them the one that commands, "Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, cast out devils: freely ye have They were works of devotional contemplation in which the musical design corresponded to literary ideas, conceived visually. The tourists got the point and he returned to his meal. If you love what you are doing, you will be successful. Prelude in C major (Vol 4, 1); Prelude in D major (Vol 4, 3); Canzona in D minor (Vol 4, 10) (with Mendelssohn, Sonata in D minor op 65.6). But after a century spent healing the sick, the hospital has spent the past . Indeed, building was often Man's ultimate redemption through beneficent activity--the theme of Part II of Goethe's "Faust," a metaphysical poem much admired by Albert Schweitzer--threads through this extraordinary man's long, complex and sometimes curious Hundreds flocked to hear him and to importune him. This house is now maintained as a Schweitzer museum.[78]. Known as the "Schweitzer Technique", it is a slight improvement on what is commonly known as mid-side. Gradually his opinions and concepts became acknowledged, not only in Europe, but worldwide. Amid a hail of protests from his friends, family and colleagues, he resigned his post and re-entered the university as a student in a three-year course towards the degree of Doctorate in Medicine, a subject in which he had little knowledge or previous aptitude. Rather than reading justification by faith as the main topic of Pauline thought, which has been the most popular argument set forward by Martin Luther, Schweitzer argues that Paul's emphasis was on the mystical union with God by "being in Christ". He summarized it once by saying: "A man is ethical only when life, as such, is sacred to him, that of plants and animals as that of his fellow men, and when he devotes himself helpfully to all life that is in need of help. He studied organ in Mulhouse from 1885 to 1893 with Eugne Munch, organist at the Protestant cathedral, who inspired Schweitzer with his enthusiasm for the music of German composer Richard Wagner. To support himself and to carry on the work at Lambarene, Schweitzer joined the medical staff of the Strasbourg Hospital, preached, gave lectures and organ recitals, traveled and wrote. Schweitzer's university life was interrupted by a year of compulsory military service in 1894, a period that proved crucial to his religious thinking and to his life's vocation. Albert founded Albert Schweitzer Hospital located in Gabon. Albert Schweitzer (1875-1965) was a brilliant philosopher, physician, musician, clergyman and theological scholar. its creature comforts yet rejecting its complacent attitudes toward progress. As the sun makes ice melt, kindness causes misunderstanding, mistrust, and hostility to evaporate. He made the Africans too lazy to pick them bare.. These records did not satisfy him, the instrument being too harsh. Photo by Rolls Press/Popperfoto/Getty Images. 1996 - 2023 NewsHour Productions LLC. Schweitzer cross-referenced the many New Testament verses declaring imminent fulfilment of the promise of the World's ending within the lifetime of Jesus's original followers. Schweitzer's talents that he taught him then and later without fee. [6] The tiny village would become home to the Association Internationale Albert Schweitzer (AIAS). "You must give some time to your fellow man," Schweitzer counseled in paraphrase. Quotes about Schweitzer [] He simply acted out of inner necessity. At the Mulhouse gymnasium he received his "Abitur" (the certificate at the end of secondary education) in 1893. The list, alas, goes on and his prejudices are difficult, if not impossible, to ignore. Additionally, he argues that this view of a "union with the divinity, brought about by efficacious ceremonies, is found even in quite primitive religions". Its climate is among the world's worst, with fiercely hot days, clammy nights and seasonal torrents of rain. One of them, Gerald McKnight, wrote in his book "Verdiot on Schweitzer": "The temptation for Schweitzer to see Lambarene as a place cut off from the world, in which he can preserve "its original forms and so reject any theory of treatment or life other than his For Schweitzer, mankind had to accept that objective reality is ethically neutral. RM E0MKEE - Oct. 10, 1955 - Dr. Albert Schweitzer plays the festival hall organ. Turning to Bach's nonchurch music, Schweitzer said: "The Brandenburg concertos are the purest product of Bach's polyphonic style. When Schweitzer was in residence at Lambarene, virtually nothing was done without consulting him. for the good of fellow men who need the help of a fellow man." 2 in B minor; no. The living conditions, too, were horrid with makeshift huts for shelter and medical care, hot, steamy tropical days, cold nights, and huge gusts of wind and rainfall. With theological insight, he interpreted the use of pictorial and symbolical representation in J. S. Bach's religious music. the end came; at first Jesus believed that his Messianic reign would begin before his disciples returned from the teaching mission commanded of them in the Gospel according to St. Matthew. [11] Schweitzer served his one-year compulsory military service in 1894. On Oct. 13, 1905, he posted letters from Paris to his parents and friends saying that at the start of the winter term he would become a medical student to prepare himself Medical mistakes claim about 400,000 people every year in U.S. Lambarene, on the Ogooue River a few miles from the Equator, is in the steaming jungle. (78rpm Columbia ROX 146152), cf. And the Christianity of our states is blasphemed and made a mockery before those poor people. There is always something to make you wonder in the shape of a tree, the trembling of a leaf. " Man has lost the capacity to foresee and to forestall. the right choices. Albert Schweitzer was born in a small town in France in 1875 and he passed away in Gabon, Africa in 1965 after a rich and illustrious career. which the chorale itself came. She Drug advances for sleeping sickness included Germanin and tryparsamide[de; fi; it]. [67] He summarized his views on European-African relations by saying "With regard to the negroes, then, I have coined the formula: 'I am your brother, it is true, but your elder brother. [26] This provided the basis for the International Regulations for Organ Building. His death, political upheavals leading to Gabon's independence in 1960, decreasing foreign . Instead, he conceives of sonship to God as "mediated and effected by means of the mystical union with Christ". But this time he had also studied the organ briefly in Paris under the legendary Charles Marie Widor, who was so impressed with To me, Dr. Schweitzer is the one truly great individuals our modern times have produced. He thought that Western civilization was decaying because it had abandoned affirmation of life as its ethical foundation. He was buried at his hospital, later named Albert Schweitzer Hospital. In June of 1912, he married Helene Bresslau (the daughter of a professor of history at Strasbourg). True to his pledge, Schweitzer turned from music and theology to service to others. In his story for PBS NewsHour, Dr. Howard Markel, University of Michigan medical historian writes: Some of his more ardent admirers insisted that he was a jungle saint, even a modern Christ. They need very elementary schools run along the old missionary plan, with the Africans going In 1898, he returned to Paris to write a PhD dissertation on The Religious Philosophy of Kant at the Sorbonne, and to study in earnest with Widor. Schweitzer came to French Equatorial Africa as a tall, handsome, broadly powerful young man with a shock of rich, black hair, an enormous mustache and a look of piercing determination in his bold eyes. He died at 11:30 P.M. (6:30 P.M. New York time). [93] Then at his suggestion the sessions were transferred to the church of Ste Aurlie in Strasbourg, on a mid-18th-century organ by Johann Andreas Silbermann (brother of Gottfried), an organ-builder greatly revered by Bach, which had been restored by the Lorraine organ-builder Frdric Hrpfer shortly before the First World War. [21] During its preparation Schweitzer became a friend of Cosima Wagner, then resident in Strasbourg, with whom he had many theological and musical conversations, exploring his view of Bach's descriptive music, and playing the major Chorale Preludes for her at the Temple Neuf. 1952. prize money. That is the beginning and the foundation of all ethics. "[76][77], After the birth of their daughter (Rhena Schweitzer Miller), Albert's wife, Helene Schweitzer was no longer able to live in Lambarn due to her health. A Lutheran, Schweitzer challenged both the secular view of Jesus as depicted by historical-critical methodology current at this time, as well as the traditional Christian view. Then a single cardioid microphone is placed on axis, bisecting the figure-8 pattern. Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images, In 1905, he decided to take up a call from the Society of Evangelist Missions of Paris to become a physician and help them advance their cause and work. Oh, this 'noble' culture of ours! world's end did not occur, according to Schweitzer's view, Jesus decided that He must undergo an atoning sacrifice, and that the great transformation would take place on the cross. Schweitzer saw many operas of Richard Wagner in Strasbourg (under Otto Lohse) and in 1896 he managed to afford a visit to the Bayreuth Festival to see Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen and Parsifal, both of which impressed him. " Albert Schweitzer 31. received, "freely give"; and the verse that urges men, "Take my yoke upon you, and learn from me; for I am meek and lowly in heart; and ye shall find rest unto your souls.". Name in native language. The keynote of Schweitzer's personal philosophy (which he considered to be his greatest contribution to mankind) was the idea of Reverence for Life ("Ehrfurcht vor dem Leben"). As the sun makes ice melt, kindness causes misunderstanding, mistrust, and hostility to evaporate." ~ Albert Schweitzer. . an incurable scourge. "A man is truly ethical only when he obeys the compulsion to help all life, which he is able to assist, and shrinks from injuring anything that lives . As a boy, Albert was frail in health but robust in intellect and talent. of self-unfolding of the idea in which it creates its own opposite in order to overcome it, and so on and on until it finally returns to itself, having meanwhile traversed the whole of existence.". 1924 In 1924 he returned to his hospital in Lambarene, which was to be restored after years of decay during his absence. Their home in Knigsfeld has now been turned into a museum. No greater tribute to his abilities as a conqueror of jungle need J. S. Bach: Passacaglia in C minor, BWV 582; Prelude and Fugue in E minor, BWV 533; Prelude and Fugue in A minor, BWV 543; Prelude and Fugue in G major, BWV 541; Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565. Albert Schweitzer studied the music of Johann Bach who was a German Composer. The society, wary of Schweitzer's unorthodox religious views, had Also Known As: Ludwig Philipp Albert Schweitzer Died At Age: 90 Family: Spouse/Ex-: Helene Bresslau father: Louis Thophile siblings: Emma Schweitzer, Louisa Schweitzer, Lulie Adele Schweitzer, Marguerit Schweitzer, Paul Schweitzer children: Rhena Schweitzer Miller Born Country: France Quotes By Albert Schweitzer Nobel Peace Prize . Schweitzer claims that this form of mysticism is more intellectual and can be found "among the Brahmans and in the Buddha, in Platonism, in Stoicism, in Spinoza, Schopenhauer, and Hegel".[42]. Albert Schweitzer (1875 - 1965) was an Alsatian who dedicated his life to alleviating the suffering of Blacks in Africa, likely due to his Christian convictions. At the age of 18 he entered the University of The film The Legacy of Albert Schweitzer, narrated by Henry Fonda, was produced by Warner Brothers and aired once. Kentucky Vital Records Indexes at Ancestry (these require payment) Kentucky Death Certificates and Records, 1852-1965 (coverage before 1911 varies by county) includes digitized Kentucky death certificates from 1911-1965, plus earlier records for some counties ; Kentucky Death Index, 1911-2000 He is the director of the Center for the History of Medicine and the George E. Wantz Distinguished Professor of the History of Medicine at the University of Michigan and the author ofThe Secret of Life: Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, Francis Crick and the Discovery of DNAs Double Helix (W.W. Norton, September 21). Description and criticism] (published in English in 1948 as The Psychiatric Study of Jesus. He disagreed sharply with Aristotle's view that man's knowledge of right and wrong would surely lead him to make He became a welcome guest at the Wagners' home, Wahnfried. The Jesus of Nazareth who came forward publicly as the Messiah, who preached the ethic of the Kingdom of God, who founded the Kingdom of Heaven upon earth, and died to give His work its final consecration, never had any existence. Ludwig Philipp Albert Schweitzer OM (German: [albt vats] (); 14 January 1875 - 4 September 1965) was an Alsatian polymath.He was a theologian, organist, musicologist, writer, humanitarian, philosopher, and physician. "Anyone can rescue his human life," he once said, "who seizes every opportunity of being a man by means of personal action, however unpretending, Schweitzer depicted Jesus as a child of his times who shared the eschatological ideas of late Judaism and who looked for an immediate end of the world. The increase in heart disease deaths from the early 20th century . Wikisource.
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