UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #2: (Speaking foreign language). And we teach them, for example, to say that bridges and apples and all kinds of other things have the same prefix as women. If you dont see any jobs posted there, feel free to send your resume and cover letter to [emailprotected] and well keep your materials on hand for future openings on the show. Hidden Brain. We call this language Gumbuzi. It is a great, free way to engage the podcast community and increase the visibility of your podcasts. It's inherent. And so somebody will say, well, who was it who you thought was going to give you this present? How so? She shows how our conversational styles can cause We all know casual sex isn't about love. We love the idea of Hidden Brain helping to spark discussions in your community. VEDANTAM: Lera Boroditsky is a cognitive science professor at the University of California, San Diego. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out the unexpected ways we can find joy and happiness in our everyday lives. Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. So that's an example of how languages and cultures construct how we use space to organize time, to organize this very abstract thing that's otherwise kind of hard to get our hands on and think about. But what we should teach is not that the good way is logical and the way that you're comfortable doing it is illogical. Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. VEDANTAM: In the English-speaking world, she goes by Lera Boroditsky. And you suddenly get a craving for potato chips, and you realize that you have none in the kitchen, and there's nothing else you really want to eat. In this week's My Unsung Hero, Sarah Feldman thanks someone for their gift more than 20 years ago. Updated privacy policy: We have made some changes to our Privacy Policy. The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. So you can think about an un-gendered person in the same way that I might think about a person without a specific age or specific height or specific color shirt. I'm Shankar Vedantam. It's how we think about anything that's abstract, that's beyond our physical senses. How do you balance the imperative of teaching correct usage? But it turns out humans can stay oriented really, really well, provided that their language and culture requires them to keep track of this information. Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. And what we find is that if you teach people that forks go with men grammatically in a language, they start to think of forks as being more masculine. Read the episode transcript. We recommend movies or books to a friend. But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? So that's a measurement difference of 100 percent of performance. BORODITSKY: Yeah. It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. Personal Strivings: An Approach to Personality and Subjective Well-being, by Robert A. Emmons, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986. VEDANTAM: Languages seem to have different ways of communicating agency. BORODITSKY: Actually, one of the first people to notice or suggest that this might be the case was a Russian linguist, Roman Jakobson. That's because change is hard. - so one skull but two different minds, and you shift from one to the other. : The Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Benefits of Sharing Positive Events, Perceived Partner Responsiveness as an Organizing Construct in the Study of Intimacy and Closeness, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. They are ways of seeing the world. Maybe they like the same kinds of food, or enjoy the same hobbies. We'd say, oh, well, we don't have magnets in our beaks or in our scales or whatever. And then 10 years later when they're 49, you say, well, that picture of you at 39 is what you really are and whatever's happened to you since then is some sort of disaster or something that shouldn't have happened. But it's so hard to feel that partly because our brains are on writing, as I say in the book. VEDANTAM: Jennifer moved to Japan for graduate school. This is HIDDEN BRAIN. VEDANTAM: Jennifer moved to Japan for graduate school. And after listening to you, I realize I might have to finally give in. I think language can certainly be a contributor into the complex system of our thinking about gender. Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. Lera is a cognitive science professor at the University of California, San Diego. And then question 21 was, is this person a man or a woman? So some languages don't have number words. How else would you do it? How does that sound now? UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #1: (Speaking foreign language). al (Eds. Psychologist Ken Sheldon studies the science of figuring out what you want. He's a professor of English and comparative literature at Columbia University and the author of the book "Words On The Move: Why English Won't - And Can't - Sit Still (Like, Literally).". No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. Today, we explore the many facets of this idea. BORODITSKY: One thing that we've noticed is this idea of time, of course, is very highly constructed by our minds and our brains. But what if it's not even about lust? Whats going on here? VEDANTAM: Would it be possible to use what we have learned about how words and languages evolve to potentially write what a dictionary might look like in 50 years or a hundred years? VEDANTAM: For more HIDDEN BRAIN, you can find us on Facebook and Twitter. If you are able, we strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which includes emotion and emphasis that's not on the page. VEDANTAM: This episode of HIDDEN BRAIN was produced by Rhaina Cohen, Maggie Penman and Thomas Lu with help from Renee Klahr, Jenny Schmidt, Parth Shah and Chloe Connelly. It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. The phrase brings an entire world with it - its context, its flavor, its culture. If you still cant find the episode, try looking through our most recent shows on our homepage. You-uh (ph). You can find the transcript for most episodes of Hidden Brain on our website. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #9: (Speaking German). UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #6: (Speaking foreign language). We'll begin with police shootings of unarmed Black men. So it's mendokusai. Take the word bridge - if it's feminine in your language, you're more likely to say that bridges are beautiful and elegant. and pick the featured episodes for your show. According to neuroscientists who study laughter, it turns out that chuckles and giggles often aren't a response to humorthey're a response to people. In The Air We Breathe . MCWHORTER: Language is a parade, and nobody sits at a parade wishing that everybody would stand still. And it's sad that we're not going to be able to make use of them and learn them and celebrate them. And I was telling this person about someone I knew back in America. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy that's all around us. Growing up, I understood this word to mean for a very short time, as in John McWhorter was momentarily surprised. Sometimes, life can feel like being stuck on a treadmill. by Harry T. Reis, Annie Regan, and Sonja Lyubomirsky, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2021. GEACONE-CRUZ: It's a Sunday afternoon, and it's raining outside. Long before she began researching languages as a professor, foreign languages loomed large in her life. Hidden Brain: You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose on Apple Podcasts 51 min You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose Hidden Brain Social Sciences Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. And they have correlated this with gender features in the language, just like the ones you were talking about. But is that true when it comes to the pursuit of happiness? But as Bob Cialdini set out to discover the keys to influence and persuasion, he decided to follow the instincts of his childhood. Mistakes and errors are what turned Latin into French. Everyone wants to be loved and appreciated. Maybe it's, even less than 100 meters away, but you just can't bring yourself to even throw your, coat on over your pajamas, and put your boots on, and go outside and walk those, hundred meters because somehow it would break the coziness, and it's just too much of, an effort, and you can't be bothered to do it, even though it's such a small thing. Please do not republish our logo, name or content digitally or distribute to more than 10 people without written permission. In the United States, we often praise people with strong convictions, and look down on those who express doubt or hesitation. GEACONE-CRUZ: And I ended up living there for 10 years. BORODITSKY: Well, I think it's a terrible tragedy. Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #3: (Speaking foreign language). Each language comprises the ideas that have been worked out in a culture over thousands of generations, and that is an incredible amount of cultural heritage and complexity of thought that disappears whenever a language dies. Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. Perceived Partner Responsiveness as an Organizing Construct in the Study of Intimacy and Closeness, by Harry T. Reis, et. : A Data-Driven Prescription to Redefine Professional Success, Does Legal Education Have Undermining Effects on Law Students? GEACONE-CRUZ: It's this phrase that describes something between I can't be bothered or I don't want to do it or I recognize the incredible effort that goes into something, even though it shouldn't be so much of an effort. I think that the tone that many people use when they're complaining that somebody says Billy and me went to the store is a little bit incommensurate with the significance of the issue. This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. al, Group Decision and Negotiation, 2008. And, of course, you always have to wonder, well, could it be that speakers of these different languages are actually seeing different kinds of bridges? We can't help, as literate people, thinking that the real language is something that sits still with letters written all nice and pretty on a page that can exist for hundreds of years, but that's not what language has ever been. Does a speaker of a language, like Spanish, who has to assign gender to so many things, end up seeing the world as more gendered? And I can't help surmising that part of it is that the educated American has been taught and often well that you're not supposed to look down on people because of gender, because of race, because of ability. Trusted by 5,200 companies and developers. So if you took a bunch of those tendencies, you could make up, say, the English of 50 years from now, but some of the things would just be complete chance. GEACONE-CRUZ: And you're at home in your pajamas, all nice and cuddly and maybe watching Netflix or something. . You can also connect directly with our sponsorship representative by emailing [emailprotected]. In many languages, nouns are gendered. Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #2: (As character) Right. Interpersonal Chemistry: What Is It, How Does It Emerge, and How Does it Operate? So if the word for death was masculine in your language, you were likely to paint death as a man. This takes kids a little while to figure out, and he had all kinds of clever ways to ask these questions. SHANKAR VEDANTAM, HOST:This is HIDDEN BRAIN. Additional Resources Book: Yes! If you prefer to listen through a podcast app, here are links to our podcast on Apple, Spotify, and Stitcher. But time doesn't have to flow with respect to the body. But can you imagine someone without imagining their gender? And they suggest that differences across languages do, in fact, predict some of these measures of gender equality across countries. He didn't like that people were shortening the words. If it is the first time you login, a new account will be created automatically. And it sounds a little bit abrupt and grabby like you're going to get something instead of being given. And as you point out, it's not just that people feel that a word is being misused. VEDANTAM: I understand there's been some work looking at children and that children who speak certain languages are actually quicker to identify gender and their own gender than children who are learning other languages in other cultures. You can run experiments in a lab or survey people on the street. Welcome to HIDDEN BRAIN. If you are a podcaster, the best way to manage your podcasts on Listen Notes is by claiming your Listen Notes And he started by asking Russian-speaking students to personify days of the week. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. Subscribe: iOS | Android | Spotify | RSS | Amazon | Stitcher Latest Episodes: Happiness 2.0: The Reset Button VEDANTAM: If you have teenagers or work closely with young people, chances are you'll be mystified by their conversations or even annoyed. If you, grew up speaking a language other than English, you probably reach for words in your. I decided it was very important for me to learn English because I had always been a very verbal kid, and I'd - was always the person who recited poems in front of the school and, you know, led assemblies and things like that. They give us a sense that the meanings of words are fixed, when in fact they're not. And we're all going to have feelings like that. They shape our place in it. When we come back, we dig further into the way that gender works in different languages and the pervasive effects that words can play in our lives. Which I think is probably important with the reality that this edifice that you're teaching is constantly crumbling. I'm Shankar Vedantam. You would give a different description to mark that it was not intentional. In the second episode of our "Relationships 2.0" series, psychologist Do you ever struggle to communicate with your mom? But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy thats all around us. Whereas speakers of a language like Spanish might not be quite as good at remembering who did it when it's an accident, but they're better at remembering that it was an accident. BORODITSKY: My family is Jewish, and we left as refugees. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy thats all around us. And there are consequences for how people think about events, what they notice when they see accidents. Listen on the Reuters app. JERRY SEINFELD: (As Jerry Seinfeld) The second button literally makes or breaks the shirt. What do you do for christmas with your family? Well, that's an incredibly large set of things, so that's a very broad effect of language. MCWHORTER: Thank you for having me, Shankar. Shankar Vedantam: This is Hidden Brain. But, in fact, they were reflecting this little quirk of grammar, this little quirk of their language and in some cases, you know, carving those quirks of grammar into stone because when you look at statues that we have around - of liberty and justice and things like this - they have gender. And some people would say it's a lot more because it's, you know, irrecoverable and not reduplicated elsewhere. And then if you are going to be that elliptical, why use the casual word get? And so to address that question, what we do is we bring English speakers into the lab, and we teach them grammatical genders in a new language that we invent. Those are quirks of grammar literally in stone. Bu It's exactly how old English turned into modern English. So maybe they're saying bridges are beautiful and elegant, not because they're grammatically feminine in the language, but because the bridges they have are, in fact, more beautiful and elegant. Evaluating Changes in Motivation, Values, and Well-being, by Kennon M. Sheldon and Lawrence S. Krieger, Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 2004. In this favorite 2021 episode, psychologist Adam Grant pushes back against the benefits of certainty, and describes the magic that unfolds when we challenge our own deeply-held beliefs. Sociologist Lisa Wade believes the pervasive hookup culture on campuses today is different from that faced by previous generations. So I think it's something that is quite easy for humans to learn if you just have a reason to want to do it. How big are the differences that we're talking about, and how big do you think the implications are for the way we see the world? And, I mean, just in terms of even sounds changing and the way that you put words together changing bit by bit, and there's never been a language that didn't do that. But if you ask bilinguals, who have learned two languages and now they know that some genders disagree across the two languages, they're much less likely to say that it's because chairs are intrinsically masculine. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. Later things are on the right. Interpersonal Chemistry: What Is It, How Does It Emerge, and How Does it Operate? Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio.
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