impairment of a signals intelligence collection platformimpairment of a signals intelligence collection platform

The executive order, however, prohibits the collection, retention, or dissemination of information about U.S. persons except pursuant to procedures established by the head of the agency and approved by the Attorney General. Army MOS 35N), Signals Collector/ Analyst (U.S. Army MOS 35S) or equivalent U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, or Air Force specialties in support of authorized intelligence activities as defined by AR 381-10 . China's anti-satellite (ASAT) test in 2007 concerned ESA, as debris from the test has produced numerous near-misses of other satellites. In both these cases, SIGINT represents a very major portion of the growth in assets. EADS Astrium and Thales Alenia Space are competing, under the direction of the French defense procurement agency, DGA. Also the Bundesnachrichtendienst, Germany's foreign intelligence service, will receive an optical satellite system consisting of three satellites from 2022 onwards. Prof. Desmont Ball identified Chinese the first major airborne SIGINT platforms as the four-turboprop EY-8, a variant of the Russian An-12 'Cub' as China's main ELINT and reconnaissance aircraft a decade ago. [34] add MASINT along with micro-and robotic receivers to the Prophet Ground system. There are variants, among the classes, of a radar antenna, interferometric direction finder, COMINT receiver. Gulfstream executive jets are another platform of interest. true. SS-1 enables the radio reconnaissance teams (RRTs) to target the majority of low-level, single-channel, unencrypted tactical signals of interest used by military, police, insurgents, and other potential hostile forces throughout the world. France, still desiring to have three different space-based intelligence systems (IMINT, radar surveillance, SIGINT), had to face extremely high costs. [35], Army Special Forces have the Special Operations Team-Alpha that can operate with an SF team, or independently. x]oF=@O`\~`:{h@KE"r7(Jr]l|%~q.Uuu{+~O]?J!i.w#E8Ao s,^\>LO|@K^>6!GOH~xU_x00ztTnlg^`tg2seW3BvJlgcwR @p(#GqD"mifb],^QQHJ+mzm]. An interesting but poorly understood feature of the Tselina-2 system is that the satellites are placed into orbits that interact strongly with features of the Earth's gravitational field ("14th order harmonics") in such a way that the natural orbital decay caused by atmospheric drag is inhibited for long periods of time. [27], Assigned 1 per Marine Division, 1 per Marine Air Wing, and one per Radio Battalion, the AN/MSC-63A is a shelterized communications switch that provides a secure semiautomated data communications switch and terminals for the processing of general service (GENSER) or defense special security communications system (DSSCS) sensitive compartmented information (SCI) record message traffic.[27]. [67] The 18 AP-3C Orion were upgraded to include fitting each aircraft with a new Elta EL/M-2022(V)3 radar, a nose-mounted Star Safire III electro-optical and infrared system, "highly capable" signals and electronic intelligence (SIGINT/ELINT) equipment, the UYS 503 acoustic system, a new automatic information system processor, a new navigation system based on two Honeywell H764G Embedded GPS/INUs, a new communications system and other improvements. The Joint Defence Facility Nurrungar (JDFN), located approximately 9 Mi south of Woomera, South Australia, was a ground station operated by the Australian Department of Defence and the USAF. [32] The system will be getting incremental improvements, which reflect both improvements in technology and in military organizational structure While technology will obviously continue to be a key element of our future, NSArecognizes that technology is only as good as the people creating it and the people using it. A flight management system with two Gemini 10 computers and a new radio management system have also been installed. [56], Canada's acquisition of reconditioned British diesel-electric submarines (ex-Upholder class, now Victoria-class submarine) raised eyebrows of many analysts, wondering how these could have a strategic effect given the strength of Canada's southern neighbour's undersea strength. By Posted christian dior bracelet In hillsboro high school football coaching staff Norway uses FS Marjata, a purpose-built electronic intelligence (ELINT) collection vessel. Signals Intelligence Analyst (35N) Instructor - HTASC - 111. [54], Israeli Elbit provides the TIMNEX 4 CH ELINT/targeting set, which covers 218GHz, provides radar warning, and 1.4 to 5 degree DF (depending on frequency).[54][58]. In 2004, the European Space Council was formed, although it is still struggling with dual-use issues, and the relationships with NATO and US policy. European defense policy called for three new bodies that would need intelligence support: a Political and Security Committee composed of ambassadors with an advisory role to the EU Council of Ministers, a Military Committee of senior officers, and a Multinational Planning Staff. [66], According to the US Department of Defense, the Tactical Airborne Surveillance System and upgrades will be installed on Saudi E-3 and E-6 aircraft. It will have wideband acquisition, direction-finding and analysis sensors, for real-time monitoring and recording for subsequent analysis. Some platforms considered strategic, including the P-3 and RC-135 RIVET JOINT aircraft, may be assigned in support of large tactical units. the internet and social networking services have allowed: all of the above. (V)1 -a commercial off-the-shelf version in a transit case configuration used to augment Military Intelligence dissemination and communications requirements primarily at corps and division, and some EAC, (V)2-SBCT (pallet, shelter, ECV, trailer) for Army Brigade Combat Teams. As a very basic part of those changes, not only are considerably more intelligence assets being assigned to the BCTs, but to larger army formations. Requirements grew until the Tselina-2 was too heavy for the Tsyklon-3 booster, and the program was switched to the Zenit booster in development. The first generation was Cerise, launched in 1995 and damaged in 1996 by a collision with the French SPOT-1 earth resource observing satellite. [3] Of the additional bases are in Cuba, two of which are operated by China:[4]. At a Helsinki meeting in December 1999 and a follow-up meeting in Sintra, Portugal in February 2000, there was agreement on a 15 brigade multinational corps with air and naval support, ready by 2003. The first Tselina-2 blasted off in September 1984 under official name Cosmos 1603 and declared operational in 1988. US tactical SIGINT aircraft include the EH-60A Quickfix helicopter, which has interception capabilities in the 1.5150MHz and direction finding between 20 and 76MHz. endobj The SAEC is an armored vehicle carrying ELINT and the Thales XPLORER COMINT to complement EW platforms. Any of the four stations can act as mission control. Currently, under an Army directive, the relevant stakeholders are trying to clarify the EW support mission, which involves the collection and identification of signals, and the SIGINT mission as those in the community see them as complementary but not contradictory, Lt. Col. Chris Walls, deputy division chief for strategy and policy in the cyber directorate, said at the C4ISRNET conference. Tselina-2 system was declared operational in December 1988, which was confirmed by a government decree issued in December 1990. SIGINT capability, however, is fairly rare, with France in the Western European lead. Its official mission was space-based surveillance, in particular early warning for ICBM launches and nuclear detonations using US Defense Support Program satellites in geostationary orbits. "To receive satellite signals only parabolic antennas are used. Norway also expressed concern over the St. Malo declaration, and in February 2000, British officials spoke about a proposal that the EU take on collective defense, that still being a NATO responsibility.[91]. Up to four PRD-12 stations can be networked, providing DF data to a mission control station via radio link with single-channel ground and airborne radio system (SINCGARS) equipment. During NATO operations in Bosnia, Germany operated four SIGINT version of the French-German Atlantique patrol aircraft. Production of the aircraft from 1976 to 1985 included updated avionics, a reinforced wing housing and additional fuel tanks. [52], Standardized USN systems go beyond simple direction finding and into COMINT. Its sensors covered the tactical to strategic spectrum. While the main subordinate command at Sugar Grove is redacted, it would appear, given the presence of large satellite antennas at Sugar Grove, but it not appearing in lists of NSOCs, that it is principally an intercept facility. endobj The national intelligence organization also runs electronic warfare and SIGINT for the Air Force and Navy. Thales developed the signals intelligence (SIGINT) system for which there are 10 workstations in the main cabin. jfv{6zv [33] At the time of initial operational capability, the assumption was that PROPHET would be issued six systems per division, four per armored cavalry regiment (ACR), three per Initial Brigade Combat Team (IBCT). Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) refers to the collection of electronic communications. They say Essaim is designed to maintain French expertise long enough to persuade other European governments to join in an operational eavesdropping effort, which France alone cannot afford.[97]. The French Air Force will begin retiring its fleet of C-160 transports in 2005. [85] The SLOROS is reported to have a range of at least 62 miles (100km). Chinese personnel, in 1998, began operating the Bejucal and Santiago de Cuba facilities. select all that apply. Our researchers are working constantly to help us anticipate and prepare for future developments. The name stands for Systeme Aeroporte de Recueil dInformations de Guerre Electronique (Airborne Electronic Warfare Information Gathering System) and also is the French word for Opossum, a shy and retiring animal. Collection Phase Since 1960 the quality and quantity of artifacts made available to intelligence analysts have dramatically increased due to many technical advancements associated with the collection phase of the intelligence cycle. The USSR appears to have emphasized ELINT more than COMINT in their space-based SIGINT program. As the Western observers noted, the Tselina D spacecraft, known in the West as the "heavy ELINT," would orbit the Earth in groups of six satellites spread 60 degrees apart in their orbits. [39] EY-8 construction may be continuing for ELINT/SIGINT and electronic warfare missions. They identify and process the intercepted signals and perform analysis to establish target identification and . Recently, however, the French have been launching intelligence satellites, on French and Russian rockets, and are exchanging information with the Germans and Italians, both of which are deploying synthetic aperture radar MASINT constellations, with an undefined IMINT or electro-optical MASINT capability on the Italian satellites. The system achieved full operational readiness with the launch of the last satellite. As a member of the Intelligence Community, NSA also operates under the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. A Saturn 35 satellite antenna has been, according to Spanish sources, added. [54], Older submarines use an Elettronica BLD-727 DF, but the newer Type 212s will use German SIGINT. ;D K(9rtdH;TDGJ]=:pBQbH'`49(!#nX;"X#6lCikPixaQ+0Dl[QkpV4C7Ly 9SZE6^z9`6pfp$PHm=# This information is frequently in foreign languages and dialects, is protected by codes and other security measures, and involves complex technical characteristics. Compatible with VoiceOver and TalkBack, the app provides audio instructions to blind and visually impaired people to guide them step . UK E3D AWACS do not have SIGINT capability. The US military has been developing signals electronic data transmissions with a low probability of intercept. The new facility, becoming ops in 2010, is equipped with 4 large 25m radomes covering dish antennas intended to monitor and intercept voice and metadata SATellite COMmunications. How are the activities of the NSA regulated and who monitors them? Prophet Block II adds electronic attack (EA) capability to Prophet, while Block III upgrades the Prophet receiver to collect against advanced and special signals. Among the most basic is moving away from the Division as the fundamental unit of action, and moving to smaller and more flexible Brigade combat teams (BCT). France has operated several generations of SIGINT ships, but is moving to its first purpose-built vessel as the third generation. [21], According to the academic Teresia Teaiwa, New Zealand, as part of the UKUSA alliance, collected and analyzed low frequency radio and international satellite communications from the South Pacific region. The program, which went through several generations, ended when compromised, by Ronald Pelton, in 1981. Spanish boats have the domestically produced Indra BLQ-355, which may have been exported. Boeing also has built a "Wedgetail 737" for Turkey, and appears to be marketing this as an alternative to the lower-end systems being built for business jets such as the Gulfstream. Unmanned aircraft serve as a dual signals intelligence (SIGINT) and image intelligence (IMINT) platform, keeping personnel out of . The Marine units report National SIGINT Operations Center at NSA headquarters at Ft. Meade, MD. [96], Sources in the French procurement agency, DGA, confirmed Essaim, a system of ground station and satellite constellation, is working well.[97]. Four geosychronous RHYOLITE satellites were launched in the seventies, with COMINT and TELINT missions. 0s2#`<3:}pnBW,A)"ZBcD L&PXI"\i 3Y"3-gSp-we"P8-o4}_ 1 .ZsFW6S4~La-]"?a(]L\L`uC$Z\s0 Q`'/Hgt]0?PT7B/baB.K!KXTNcwv ZXVmj? 3X%?G%_oU8h etG3 While the Sturgeon-class submarines have been retired, as with any class of submarines, their design had tradeoffs. Thus, NSAis required to maintain a wide variety of language capabilities as well. Complicating matters is that the European Space Agency (ESA) is new in non-civilian applications. This is a low-level collection team, which typically has four personnel The Nimrod was retired from RAF use in 2011,. 4 0 obj The other two will have complementary French electro-optical payloads. Access to intelligence information is contingent upon the completion of such training sessions. puppies for sale in california under 300; worst sun/moon/rising combination; impairment of a signals intelligence collection platform; impairment of a signals intelligence collection platform Several 707 derivatives, originally used as KE-3 tankers, are being converted to two models of SIGINT suites by E Systems. [88] RC-12 Guardrail aircraft provide a corps-level ESM capability, with the unusual approach of putting all the analysis equipment on the ground, with the RC-12K/N/P/Q aircraft acting purely as intercept and relay platforms. 1 0 obj NSA, with NRO cooperation, operates a number of National Security Agency/Central Security Service (NSA/CSS) sites and other support activities.[26]. Should Europe proceed on its security objective, a policy needs to be defined that will not jeopardize the peaceful application. In the late seventies, another class of geosynchronous SIGINT satellites, first called CHALET and renamed VORTEX after the code name was compromised. Poland's Marynarka Wojenna operates ORP Hydrograf and ORP Nawigator.[47][48][49]. The other antennas, a 15m radome and seven uncovered smaller dishes, are intended for the fully automated US naval Mobile User Objective System, a new 'next generation' narrowband networked satellite constellation for Ultra-High-Frequency satellite communications enabling secure all-weather and all-terrain 3 and 4G mobile telecommunications. Planning started on French IMINT satellites called Helios, a radar imaging satellite called Osiris and then Horus, and a SIGINT satellite to be called Zenon when operational. The intention to re-establish a Pacific submarine presence led to the immediate cooperation of the United States in development of a west coast Waterspace Management Agreement with Canada, whereas none existed previously. %PDF-1.5 ARMY SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE TRAINING IN THE BRIGADE COMBAT TEAM PREPARING FOR LARGE-SCALE COMBAT OPERATIONS, by MAJ Nicholas R. Haines 124 pages. A large data archive of images will be kept in a former Cold War bunker. [citation needed], Spain is a financial partner in the French Helios 2 IMINT satellite system. Production of the aircraft by the three companies ended in 1972, with 169 aircraft having been delivered. The P-99 is the maritime patrol version of the R-99. Communications Interface Modules (CIM) provide man-machine interface between the TCAC PIP and other RadBn systems (e.g., team portable collection system, mobile electronic warfare support system) or external intelligence agencies. Likewise, Arctic transits and deployments by allied submarines are generally first signalled when Canada's Atlantic Submarine Operating Authority is advised of foreign submarine movement across 70 degrees North latitude. SIGINT (Signals Intelligence) is the intelligence gained by the collection and analysis of the electronic signals generated by specific devices. !NY8SO.LC>FaPHAxn;,p) X=.,:mO,Gb{ps7Lm!IvjX1Q0( qBiA~*r3=/XD_iu endstream endobj 181 0 obj <>stream Rio SIGINT capabilities meet rigorous mission requirements for small, manned and unmanned intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance platforms with the ability to intercept, locate, monitor and record communication signals using a common set of software applications. Spain has been reported to have acquired an ex-East German AGI, which it may operate in cooperation with its SIGINT aircraft. Greece uses the ArgoSystems/Condor AR-700 series of submarine ELINT/ESM for targeting Harpoon missiles. <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> [75] Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) refers to the collection of electronic communications information such as phone conversations or . NSAproduces intelligence in response to formal requirements levied by those who have an official need for intelligence, including all departments of the Executive Branch of the United States Government. More capable than the AN/SLR-25 with AN/SSQ-120 is the AN/SSQ-137 Ship Signal Exploitation System, an open-architecture system for command & control as well as intelligence. SIGINT involves collecting foreign intelligence from communications and information systems and providing it to customers across the U.S. government, such as senior civilian and military officials. Northrop Grumman developed the SIGINT package for the Global Hawk UAV. [62][63] Various submarines, including USSParche and USSHalibut, from the early 1970s onwards, reportedly tapped Soviet copper and optical undersea cables, using divers, probes from the main vessel, or remotely operated vehicles.[62][64]. The Mexican Air Force has 2 Embraer P-99s and 1 Embraer R-99A. Airbus (formerly DASA) also equips German submarines with the Telegon 12 HF interception and DF suite. As sensitive information is often encrypted, signals intelligence often involves the use of cryptanalysis. However, traffic analysisthe study of who is signalling whom and in what quantitycan often produce valuable information, even when the messages themselves cannot be decrypted. By James E. David*. 0X9z**&5j6++* yy/Z [16], As of 2013, New Zealand has two ground-based signals intelligence stations at Tangimoana in the North Island's Manawatu-Wanganui region and the Waihopai Valley in the South Island's Marlborough region. Its data is shared with the Bundesnachrichtendienst BND. Signals intelligence, often abbreviated SIGINT is an intelligence collection discipline based on interception of signals, usually electromagnetic, between people (i.e., COMINT or communications intelligence) or between machines (i.e., ELINT or electronic intelligence), or mixtures of the two. They also called for "the reinforcement of our capabilities in the field of intelligence/". Russian aircraft with SIGINT capability include the Il-20 and Tu-214R. Based in Cartagena, the SIGINT work is reportedly by two Israeli companies and a Spanish firm. JDFPG has been established in 1966, originally as a satellite relay station becoming operational in 1970 as US-Australian NAVDET Combined Support Group with approximately 100 AUS and US military personnel. The RU-1 Otter had more built-in SIGINT equipment, but the first purpose-built Army SIGINT aircraft was the RU-8D Seminole, which had a Doppler navigation system and wing-mounted direction-finding equipment, although SIGINT operations still required much manual work. [31] Each combat BCT has an organic military intelligence (MI) company, with improved SIGINT capability. NSAis responsible for providing foreign signals intelligence (SIGINT) to our nation's policy-makers and military forces. Chile has a full Israeli Phalcon system on a single 707 airframe. It also can operate in a stand-alone mode. The second is located northeast of Santiago de Cuba at the easternmost part of the country and is 'dedicated mainly to intercepting U.S. military satellite communications'. Intelligence Operations", "Northrop Grumman, EADS Joint Venture Awarded $559 Million to Develop German Euro Hawk", "EL/L-8300 (Israel), AIRBORNE SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE (SIGINT), ELECTRONIC SUPPORT AND THREAT WARNING SYSTEMS", "PICTURES: First RAF Rivet Joint aircraft arrives in UK", "Prospects for a European Common Intelligence Policy", "Europe's Space Policies and Their Relevance to ESDP", "DGSE General Directorate for External Security (Direction Generale de la Securite Exterieure)", "Ariane 5 Successfully Orbits France's Helios 2A Satellite", "Jonathan's Space Report No. Raytheon and Northrop Grumman would be the partners for the actual SIGINT electronics.[89]. Create public account. Washington, D.C., March 8, 2022 - Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) U-2 reconnaissance aircraft flew more than 250 overflight and peripheral missions in Europe, the USSR, Mideast, and the Far East from June 1956 through 1959. But beneath all the fancy definitions, SIGINT is intelligence collection through the interception of signals whether those signals are via communications (COMINT), or via electronic signals . Nurrungar derives from an aboriginal term meaning "listen". Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data . Turkey suggested that if it cannot be involved in EU policy, it might work to block EU access to NATO. After two international incidents, US doctrine is to conduct ship-based SIGINT missions with warships, which can protect themselves as Pueblo and Liberty could not. Three new sensors have been installed for aircraft position and attitude control: an inertial reference unit (IRU), an attitude and heading reference unit (AHRU), and a global positioning system (GPS). [93], Germany's SAR Lupe is a constellation of five X-band SAR satellites in three polar orbits. [108], US SIGINT satellites have included the CANYON series Rhyolite/Aquacade series, succeeded by the Vortex/Magnum/Orion and Mentor. Some other IAF 707s are possibly configured for AAR/SIGINT operations. [36] Their primary equipment is the AN/PRD-13 SOF SIGINT Manpack System (SSMS), with capabilities including direction-finding capability from 2MHz to 2GHz, and monitoring from 1 to 1400MHz. Both companies are now part of EADS (European Aeronautics Defence and Space). The JMCGS is controlled by the Australian Signals Directorate (ASD) and is being operated under the UKUSA agreement meaning that all data obtained is being shared with the NSA. The Transalls provided NATO SIGINT in Bosnia.[79]. [28] He places its Detachment 2 located at Sabana Seca, Puerto Rico; Detachment 3 at Sugar Grove, West Virginia; and Detachment 4 at Yakima, Washington. Tactical communications, not just for SIGINT, are "flattening", such that units do not just report up their chain of command, but to adjacent units. The reconnaissance mission for these aircraft was indicated with an "R" prefix, hence RU-6. hoByzcI2~k?f`f~)kNV)c/)T=fq|Ij rgU^UZz/Mn ^_atPb2[cdi4AD}}T6RX3UR%Z)hn$h_Q!HO]8J,@)|P L In an era of complex geopolitics of peer and near-peer adversaries racing to advance electronic warfare (EW), the U.S. Marine Corps, like the other services, is centering on improving its signals intelligence (SIGINT) and electronic warfare operations. T The TPCS upgrade made up of three subsystems: Intended for the Radio Reconnaissance Teams attached to Marine Expeditionary Units, the radio reconnaissance equipment program (RREP) SIGINT suite (SS)-1 is a semiautomated, integrated, open architecture radio intercept and DF system composed of a ruggedized computer and six functional modules that plug together. [54], Australia's Collins class has a SIGINT mission, emphasized when the vessels' combat system was replaced with an open-architecture surveillance system. Besides Pacific governments, other targets have included non-UKUSA diplomatic missions businesses, and international organizations operating in the South Pacific. This system provides SIGINT as well as airborne radar warning and control. The FASB's new goodwill impairment testing guidanceASU 2017-04, required for public SEC filers for periods beginning after December 15, 2019while intended as a simplification, could result in less precise goodwill impairments for reporting entities. Successful SIGINT depends on the skills of language professionals, mathematicians, analysts, and engineers, to name just a few. Thales assigned overall systems and COMINT to its Thales Communication division, while Thales Defence Mission Systems division does the ELINT. RREP SS-1 modules may operate independently or semi-independently. There are more (Like Traffic Analysis and Electronic Order of Battle, or EOB). The updated aircraft was known as the SARIGUE-NG, with the NG standing for Nouvelle Generation or New Generation. They also sought German involvement in Helios 2. Are U.S. persons outside the United States afforded protection? They were code-named after female sex symbols, such as RAQUEL, FARRAH, BRIDGET and MARILYN. impairment of a signals intelligence collection platform. [62], Signals intelligence operational platforms by nation, United Kingdom: strategic ground platforms, United States: strategic ground platforms, US Marine Corps: tactical ground stations, US Army and Marines: tactical ground stations, United States: tactical aircraft platforms, United States: strategic aircraft platforms, European Space Council and current concerns. These seven stations and their Wellington intelligence headquarters were linked to the Allied analysis centres in Australia. One of the rationales for doing so is that a combat unit can see an opportunity and move against it, without it being misidentified by a neighboring unit and being engaged with "friendly fire.". ="ht#yh `f The most recent launch was on June 29, 2007, named Cosmos-2428. [52] The dedicated SIGINT EP-3 uses a JMOD (Joint Airborne SIGINT Modification) program to a JMOD common configuration (JCC). Early and ongoing cross-functional coordination between accounting, valuation and tax . [39], Denmark can field one containerised SIGINT/ELINT component, to be fitted in its Flyvefisken-class patrol vessels.[40]. Impairment of a Signals Intelligence collection platform or an unexplained compromise of U.S. Intelligence Operations are examples of The first CosmoSkyMed (Constellation of small Satellites for Mediterranean basin Observation) went into orbit in June 2007. Newer submarines have an AN/WLR-8 radar signal analyzer and an AN/WLR-10 (or AN/BLR-15) radar warning receiver. [52], ES is not limited to the AN/BLQ-10 alone, but a major improvement in receiving, with an expected 200% improvement in performance with the Type 18I periscope and Integrated Electronics Mast (IEM), especially in the littorals. [54], EADS (formerly DASA) also equips British submarines with the CXA(2) HF interception and DF suite. For Harpoon targeting, the Netherlands uses the ArgoSystems/Condor AR-700 series SIGINT. MAGNUM geosynchronous SIGINT satellites were first launched from the Space Shuttle in 1985. lSTfo India is known to operate a strategic signals intelligence platform developed as part of "Programme Divya Drishti"[7][8] by the Defence Electronics Research Laboratory of DRDO. The French Air Force will begin retiring its fleet of C-160 transports in 2005. The receiver provides one full-duplex and two receive-only channels. The Sturgeon-class submarine Parche received an addition 100-foot (30m) hull extension containing "research and development equipment" that brought her total length to 401 feet (122m). The service is examining its training and how it integrates the capabilities into its battalions. . French Essaim ELINT satellites were launched with Helios 2A. Arbalet-M is mentioned in Russian literature as a portable direction-finding and electronic attack system Many of the operational and proposed systems have bilateral information sharing agreements, such as France providing ELINT to its radar MASINT SAR and its IMINT partners. [41] Thales provided the electronics, and Compagnie Nationale de Navigation built the ship to requirements defined by the Military Intelligence Directorate (DRM) with a planned 30-year lifetime.
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